2009/04/06 07:39:41 42.324 13.371 9.7 3.30 Italy
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/04/06 07:39:41:0 42.32 13.37 9.7 3.3 Italy
Stations used:
IV.ASSB IV.CAFR IV.CERA IV.CERT IV.CESI IV.CING IV.FDMO
IV.GUAR IV.INTR IV.LPEL IV.MGAB IV.MIDA IV.MNS IV.MTCE
IV.NRCA IV.OFFI IV.PARC IV.POFI IV.PTRJ IV.RMP IV.SACS
IV.SGG IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRIV
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.02e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.47
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 160 50 -90
NP2 340 40 -90
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.02e+21 5 250
N 0.00e+00 -0 340
P -2.02e+21 85 70
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 2.33e+20
Mxy 6.39e+20
Mxz -1.20e+20
Myy 1.76e+21
Myz -3.29e+20
Mzz -1.99e+21
-#############
###--------###########
#####------------###########
#####---------------##########
######------------------##########
#######--------------------#########
########---------------------#########
#########----------------------#########
#########-----------------------########
##########------------ --------#########
##########------------ P ---------########
###########----------- ---------########
###########-----------------------########
########----------------------#######
T #########---------------------#######
##########--------------------######
############-------------------#####
############-----------------#####
############--------------####
#############-----------####
#############-------##
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.99e+21 -1.20e+20 3.29e+20
-1.20e+20 2.33e+20 -6.39e+20
3.29e+20 -6.39e+20 1.76e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090406073941/index.html
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STK = 160
DIP = 50
RAKE = -90
MW = 3.47
HS = 7.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/04/06 07:39:41:0 42.32 13.37 9.7 3.3 Italy
Stations used:
IV.ASSB IV.CAFR IV.CERA IV.CERT IV.CESI IV.CING IV.FDMO
IV.GUAR IV.INTR IV.LPEL IV.MGAB IV.MIDA IV.MNS IV.MTCE
IV.NRCA IV.OFFI IV.PARC IV.POFI IV.PTRJ IV.RMP IV.SACS
IV.SGG IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRIV
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.02e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.47
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 160 50 -90
NP2 340 40 -90
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.02e+21 5 250
N 0.00e+00 -0 340
P -2.02e+21 85 70
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 2.33e+20
Mxy 6.39e+20
Mxz -1.20e+20
Myy 1.76e+21
Myz -3.29e+20
Mzz -1.99e+21
-#############
###--------###########
#####------------###########
#####---------------##########
######------------------##########
#######--------------------#########
########---------------------#########
#########----------------------#########
#########-----------------------########
##########------------ --------#########
##########------------ P ---------########
###########----------- ---------########
###########-----------------------########
########----------------------#######
T #########---------------------#######
##########--------------------######
############-------------------#####
############-----------------#####
############--------------####
#############-----------####
#############-------##
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.99e+21 -1.20e+20 3.29e+20
-1.20e+20 2.33e+20 -6.39e+20
3.29e+20 -6.39e+20 1.76e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090406073941/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 0 55 -70 3.17 0.2829
WVFGRD96 1.0 0 55 -70 3.21 0.2840
WVFGRD96 2.0 0 55 -65 3.27 0.2985
WVFGRD96 3.0 215 50 25 3.25 0.3148
WVFGRD96 4.0 215 60 35 3.29 0.3534
WVFGRD96 5.0 325 30 -110 3.43 0.3873
WVFGRD96 6.0 335 35 -95 3.46 0.4545
WVFGRD96 7.0 160 50 -90 3.47 0.4929
WVFGRD96 8.0 335 45 -95 3.44 0.4889
WVFGRD96 9.0 170 45 -75 3.43 0.4851
WVFGRD96 10.0 170 45 -75 3.43 0.4747
WVFGRD96 11.0 180 50 -60 3.43 0.4601
WVFGRD96 12.0 190 50 -45 3.43 0.4450
WVFGRD96 13.0 190 50 -45 3.44 0.4280
WVFGRD96 14.0 190 50 -45 3.45 0.4077
WVFGRD96 15.0 190 50 -45 3.48 0.4002
WVFGRD96 16.0 195 55 -35 3.48 0.3833
WVFGRD96 17.0 195 55 -35 3.49 0.3683
WVFGRD96 18.0 195 50 -35 3.49 0.3536
WVFGRD96 19.0 195 55 -35 3.50 0.3423
WVFGRD96 20.0 195 55 -35 3.50 0.3320
WVFGRD96 21.0 195 55 -35 3.51 0.3225
WVFGRD96 22.0 15 60 -30 3.52 0.3147
WVFGRD96 23.0 15 65 -30 3.53 0.3092
WVFGRD96 24.0 15 65 -30 3.54 0.3039
WVFGRD96 25.0 15 65 -30 3.54 0.2981
WVFGRD96 26.0 20 70 -25 3.55 0.2927
WVFGRD96 27.0 20 70 -20 3.56 0.2890
WVFGRD96 28.0 20 70 -20 3.57 0.2856
WVFGRD96 29.0 20 70 -20 3.58 0.2810
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 7.0 160 50 -90 3.47 0.4929
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Wed Apr 29 18:16:30 CDT 2009