2010/09/06 11:40:50 -43.5847 171.8590 6.0 5.40
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2010/09/06 11:40:50:4 -43.58 171.86 6.0 5.4
Stations used:
NZ.CRLZ NZ.DSZ NZ.EAZ NZ.FOZ NZ.JCZ NZ.KHZ NZ.LBZ NZ.LTZ
NZ.MQZ NZ.NNZ NZ.ODZ NZ.OPZ NZ.OXZ NZ.RPZ NZ.THZ NZ.WVZ
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.0625 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.07e+23 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.81
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 225 50 80
NP2 60 41 102
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.07e+23 81 82
N 0.00e+00 8 231
P -2.07e+23 5 322
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.28e+23
Mxy 1.00e+23
Mxz -8.67e+21
Myy -7.27e+22
Myz 4.13e+22
Mzz 2.00e+23
--------------
----------------------
P -------------------------
- --------------############
----------------##################
--------------######################
-------------########################-
------------##########################--
-----------###########################--
----------############# ############----
---------############## T ############----
--------############### ###########-----
-------#############################------
------###########################-------
-----##########################---------
----########################----------
---######################-----------
####################--------------
-------####-------------------
----------------------------
----------------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
2.00e+23 -8.67e+21 -4.13e+22
-8.67e+21 -1.28e+23 -1.00e+23
-4.13e+22 -1.00e+23 -7.27e+22
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/MECH.NA/20100906114050/index.html
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STK = 225
DIP = 50
RAKE = 80
MW = 4.81
HS = 7.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2010/09/06 11:40:50:4 -43.58 171.86 6.0 5.4
Stations used:
NZ.CRLZ NZ.DSZ NZ.EAZ NZ.FOZ NZ.JCZ NZ.KHZ NZ.LBZ NZ.LTZ
NZ.MQZ NZ.NNZ NZ.ODZ NZ.OPZ NZ.OXZ NZ.RPZ NZ.THZ NZ.WVZ
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.0625 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.07e+23 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.81
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 225 50 80
NP2 60 41 102
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.07e+23 81 82
N 0.00e+00 8 231
P -2.07e+23 5 322
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.28e+23
Mxy 1.00e+23
Mxz -8.67e+21
Myy -7.27e+22
Myz 4.13e+22
Mzz 2.00e+23
--------------
----------------------
P -------------------------
- --------------############
----------------##################
--------------######################
-------------########################-
------------##########################--
-----------###########################--
----------############# ############----
---------############## T ############----
--------############### ###########-----
-------#############################------
------###########################-------
-----##########################---------
----########################----------
---######################-----------
####################--------------
-------####-------------------
----------------------------
----------------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
2.00e+23 -8.67e+21 -4.13e+22
-8.67e+21 -1.28e+23 -1.00e+23
-4.13e+22 -1.00e+23 -7.27e+22
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/MECH.NA/20100906114050/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.0625 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 25 55 50 4.55 0.4220
WVFGRD96 1.0 25 60 50 4.57 0.4333
WVFGRD96 2.0 20 75 50 4.62 0.4784
WVFGRD96 3.0 20 75 55 4.67 0.5301
WVFGRD96 4.0 205 70 55 4.70 0.5720
WVFGRD96 5.0 215 60 65 4.75 0.6164
WVFGRD96 6.0 220 55 70 4.79 0.6531
WVFGRD96 7.0 225 50 80 4.81 0.6652
WVFGRD96 8.0 215 55 65 4.79 0.6552
WVFGRD96 9.0 205 60 50 4.76 0.6377
WVFGRD96 10.0 200 65 40 4.75 0.6213
WVFGRD96 11.0 195 70 35 4.75 0.6063
WVFGRD96 12.0 195 75 30 4.76 0.5925
WVFGRD96 13.0 190 85 25 4.77 0.5808
WVFGRD96 14.0 10 90 -20 4.78 0.5673
WVFGRD96 15.0 195 70 30 4.82 0.5626
WVFGRD96 16.0 190 85 25 4.82 0.5476
WVFGRD96 17.0 190 85 25 4.83 0.5345
WVFGRD96 18.0 190 85 25 4.84 0.5210
WVFGRD96 19.0 190 85 25 4.84 0.5073
WVFGRD96 20.0 190 85 20 4.85 0.4942
WVFGRD96 21.0 190 85 20 4.86 0.4817
WVFGRD96 0.0 0 0 0 0.00-2.0000
WVFGRD96 23.0 10 90 -20 4.87 0.4563
WVFGRD96 24.0 190 85 20 4.88 0.4476
WVFGRD96 25.0 190 85 20 4.89 0.4374
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 7.0 225 50 80 4.81 0.6652
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.0625 n 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
Should the national backbone of the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) be implemented with an interstation separation of 300 km, it is very likely that an earthquake such as this would have been recorded at distances on the order of 100-200 km. This means that the closest station would have information on source depth and mechanism that was lacking here.
Dr. Harley Benz, USGS, provided the USGS USNSN digital data. The digital data used in this study were provided by Natural Resources Canada through their AUTODRM site http://www.seismo.nrcan.gc.ca/nwfa/autodrm/autodrm_req_e.php, and IRIS using their BUD interface.
Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureas of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint L ouis University, Universityof Memphis, Lamont Doehrty Earth Observatory, Boston College, the Iris stations and the Transportable Array of EarthScope.
The SINZ used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
Model after 10 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.0000 3.6847 2.1276 2.2699 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
1.0000 4.1157 2.3761 2.3392 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
1.0000 4.6393 2.6788 2.4192 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
1.0000 5.0569 2.9193 2.5054 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
1.0000 5.3165 3.0698 2.5563 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
1.0000 5.4790 3.1631 2.5918 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
9.0000 5.6403 3.2569 2.6306 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
10.0000 6.4196 3.7068 2.8208 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 6.5607 3.7873 2.8619 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
10.0000 6.6870 3.9106 2.9088 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Thu Jul 28 16:29:58 CDT 2011