The ANSS event ID is ak022g65rnw9 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak022g65rnw9/executive.
2022/12/18 01:00:32 63.245 -151.479 15.9 3.4 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2022/12/18 01:00:32:0 63.24 -151.48 15.9 3.4 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BPAW AK.CAST AK.CCB AK.CUT AK.DHY AK.EYAK AK.GHO AK.H21K
AK.H22K AK.HDA AK.I21K AK.I23K AK.J17K AK.J19K AK.J20K
AK.J25K AK.K20K AK.KTH AK.L17K AK.L22K AK.MCK AK.MLY
AK.N18K AK.N19K AK.O18K AK.PAX AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.RND AK.SAW
AK.SKN AK.SLK AK.SSN AV.RED AV.SPCP AV.STLK IM.IL31
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.24e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.50
Z = 18 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 61 54 110
NP2 210 40 65
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.24e+21 72 23
N 0.00e+00 16 230
P -2.24e+21 7 138
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.03e+21
Mxy 1.17e+21
Mxz 8.04e+20
Myy -9.72e+20
Myz 5.73e+19
Mzz 2.00e+21
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-------------###############
-----------###################
-----------#######################
----------##########################
----------###########################-
---------########### ##############---
--------############ T ##############---
---------############ #############-----
--------############################------
-------###########################--------
-------#########################----------
------#######################-----------
------#####################-------------
-----#################----------------
----#############-------------------
####------------------------- --
##------------------------- P
##------------------------
----------------------
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Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
2.00e+21 8.04e+20 -5.73e+19
8.04e+20 -1.03e+21 -1.17e+21
-5.73e+19 -1.17e+21 -9.72e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20221218010032/index.html
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STK = 210
DIP = 40
RAKE = 65
MW = 3.50
HS = 18.0
The NDK file is 20221218010032.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 235 45 -90 3.07 0.2707
WVFGRD96 2.0 55 45 -90 3.25 0.4128
WVFGRD96 3.0 25 60 45 3.24 0.3062
WVFGRD96 4.0 165 30 0 3.29 0.3438
WVFGRD96 5.0 160 25 -5 3.33 0.4285
WVFGRD96 6.0 165 25 5 3.33 0.4847
WVFGRD96 7.0 175 25 20 3.33 0.5167
WVFGRD96 8.0 180 20 25 3.40 0.5324
WVFGRD96 9.0 195 20 45 3.40 0.5522
WVFGRD96 10.0 205 25 55 3.41 0.5705
WVFGRD96 11.0 205 25 55 3.41 0.5868
WVFGRD96 12.0 210 30 65 3.43 0.6012
WVFGRD96 13.0 210 35 65 3.45 0.6131
WVFGRD96 14.0 210 35 65 3.45 0.6237
WVFGRD96 15.0 210 40 65 3.47 0.6326
WVFGRD96 16.0 210 40 65 3.48 0.6388
WVFGRD96 17.0 210 40 65 3.49 0.6430
WVFGRD96 18.0 210 40 65 3.50 0.6448
WVFGRD96 19.0 210 40 65 3.51 0.6447
WVFGRD96 20.0 210 40 65 3.52 0.6429
WVFGRD96 21.0 210 40 65 3.54 0.6383
WVFGRD96 22.0 205 40 60 3.54 0.6328
WVFGRD96 23.0 205 40 60 3.55 0.6237
WVFGRD96 24.0 210 35 65 3.56 0.6125
WVFGRD96 25.0 210 35 65 3.56 0.5982
WVFGRD96 26.0 210 35 65 3.57 0.5821
WVFGRD96 27.0 205 35 60 3.58 0.5638
WVFGRD96 28.0 230 30 95 3.58 0.5454
WVFGRD96 29.0 45 60 90 3.58 0.5269
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 18.0 210 40 65 3.50 0.6448
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00