Location

Location ANSS

2017/06/16 06:43:53 61.386 -146.666 29.2 3.6 Alaska

Focal Mechanism

 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2017/06/16 06:43:53:0  61.39 -146.67  29.2 3.6 Alaska
 
 Stations used:
   AK.DHY AK.EYAK AK.GHO AK.GLB AK.GLI AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.MCAR 
   AK.PWL AK.SAW AK.SCM AK.VRDI AT.PMR TA.N25K 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +50
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.10 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 2.95e+21 dyne-cm
  Mw = 3.58 
  Z  = 49 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      181    76   -122
   NP2       70    35   -25
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   2.95e+21     24     295
    N   0.00e+00     31     190
    P  -2.95e+21     49      56

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     4.88e+19
       Mxy    -1.55e+21
       Mxz    -3.49e+20
       Myy     1.12e+21
       Myz    -2.20e+21
       Mzz    -1.17e+21
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     #######-------                  
                 ##########------------              
              ############----------------           
             #############-----------------          
           ###############-------------------        
          ###############---------------------       
         ###   ##########----------   ---------      
        #### T ##########---------- P ----------     
        ####   ##########----------   ---------#     
       ##################----------------------##    
       #################-----------------------##    
       #################----------------------###    
       #################---------------------####    
        ################--------------------####     
        #################-----------------######     
         -###############---------------#######      
          --#############-------------########       
           ----##########---------###########        
             -------######--###############          
              ------------################           
                 ---------#############              
                     ------########                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -1.17e+21  -3.49e+20   2.20e+21 
 -3.49e+20   4.88e+19   1.55e+21 
  2.20e+21   1.55e+21   1.12e+21 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20170616064353/index.html
        

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is

      STK = 70
      DIP = 35
     RAKE = -25
       MW = 3.58
       HS = 49.0

The NDK file is 20170616064353.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Moment Tensor Comparison

The following compares this source inversion to others
SLU
 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2017/06/16 06:43:53:0  61.39 -146.67  29.2 3.6 Alaska
 
 Stations used:
   AK.DHY AK.EYAK AK.GHO AK.GLB AK.GLI AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.MCAR 
   AK.PWL AK.SAW AK.SCM AK.VRDI AT.PMR TA.N25K 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +50
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.10 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 2.95e+21 dyne-cm
  Mw = 3.58 
  Z  = 49 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      181    76   -122
   NP2       70    35   -25
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   2.95e+21     24     295
    N   0.00e+00     31     190
    P  -2.95e+21     49      56

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     4.88e+19
       Mxy    -1.55e+21
       Mxz    -3.49e+20
       Myy     1.12e+21
       Myz    -2.20e+21
       Mzz    -1.17e+21
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     #######-------                  
                 ##########------------              
              ############----------------           
             #############-----------------          
           ###############-------------------        
          ###############---------------------       
         ###   ##########----------   ---------      
        #### T ##########---------- P ----------     
        ####   ##########----------   ---------#     
       ##################----------------------##    
       #################-----------------------##    
       #################----------------------###    
       #################---------------------####    
        ################--------------------####     
        #################-----------------######     
         -###############---------------#######      
          --#############-------------########       
           ----##########---------###########        
             -------######--###############          
              ------------################           
                 ---------#############              
                     ------########                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -1.17e+21  -3.49e+20   2.20e+21 
 -3.49e+20   4.88e+19   1.55e+21 
  2.20e+21   1.55e+21   1.12e+21 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20170616064353/index.html
	

Magnitudes

ML Magnitude


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components; (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research); (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.

Context

The next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog which are within ± 0.5 degrees of the new event. This comparison is shown in the left panel of the figure. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors).

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.10 n 3 
The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0    40    50    90   2.70 0.1690
WVFGRD96    2.0    40    50    85   2.86 0.2282
WVFGRD96    3.0     0    70   -50   2.86 0.2137
WVFGRD96    4.0     0    70   -50   2.89 0.2428
WVFGRD96    5.0   235    75    45   2.97 0.2715
WVFGRD96    6.0   235    75    40   3.00 0.2935
WVFGRD96    7.0   235    75    40   3.02 0.3084
WVFGRD96    8.0   240    70    40   3.09 0.3172
WVFGRD96    9.0   240    75    45   3.10 0.3241
WVFGRD96   10.0   240    75    40   3.12 0.3299
WVFGRD96   11.0   240    75    40   3.13 0.3317
WVFGRD96   12.0   245    70    40   3.15 0.3324
WVFGRD96   13.0   280    55    25   3.11 0.3325
WVFGRD96   14.0   280    55    25   3.13 0.3408
WVFGRD96   15.0   280    55    25   3.15 0.3483
WVFGRD96   16.0   280    55    25   3.16 0.3561
WVFGRD96   17.0   280    55    25   3.18 0.3638
WVFGRD96   18.0   280    55    25   3.20 0.3701
WVFGRD96   19.0   275    55    20   3.21 0.3757
WVFGRD96   20.0   280    55    25   3.23 0.3824
WVFGRD96   21.0   275    55    20   3.24 0.3887
WVFGRD96   22.0   275    55    20   3.25 0.3935
WVFGRD96   23.0   280    55    25   3.27 0.3978
WVFGRD96   24.0   280    55    25   3.28 0.4015
WVFGRD96   25.0   280    55    25   3.29 0.4039
WVFGRD96   26.0    95    50    15   3.29 0.4144
WVFGRD96   27.0    90    50     0   3.30 0.4284
WVFGRD96   28.0    90    45     0   3.32 0.4447
WVFGRD96   29.0    90    45     0   3.33 0.4602
WVFGRD96   30.0    85    45    -5   3.35 0.4729
WVFGRD96   31.0    85    40    -5   3.36 0.4829
WVFGRD96   32.0    85    40    -5   3.37 0.4907
WVFGRD96   33.0    85    40    -5   3.37 0.4978
WVFGRD96   34.0    85    40    -5   3.38 0.5058
WVFGRD96   35.0    85    40   -10   3.39 0.5124
WVFGRD96   36.0    75    35   -25   3.40 0.5232
WVFGRD96   37.0    75    35   -25   3.41 0.5340
WVFGRD96   38.0    70    35   -30   3.42 0.5442
WVFGRD96   39.0    70    40   -30   3.44 0.5541
WVFGRD96   40.0    65    30   -30   3.54 0.5619
WVFGRD96   41.0    65    30   -30   3.55 0.5693
WVFGRD96   42.0    65    30   -35   3.55 0.5767
WVFGRD96   43.0    65    30   -35   3.55 0.5834
WVFGRD96   44.0    65    30   -35   3.56 0.5878
WVFGRD96   45.0    65    35   -35   3.57 0.5919
WVFGRD96   46.0    65    35   -35   3.57 0.5959
WVFGRD96   47.0    65    35   -35   3.58 0.5962
WVFGRD96   48.0    70    35   -25   3.58 0.5996
WVFGRD96   49.0    70    35   -25   3.58 0.6008
WVFGRD96   50.0    70    35   -25   3.58 0.5995
WVFGRD96   51.0    70    35   -25   3.59 0.6006
WVFGRD96   52.0    70    40   -25   3.59 0.5990
WVFGRD96   53.0    70    40   -25   3.60 0.5987
WVFGRD96   54.0    70    40   -25   3.60 0.5973
WVFGRD96   55.0    70    40   -25   3.60 0.5937
WVFGRD96   56.0    70    40   -25   3.60 0.5920
WVFGRD96   57.0    70    40   -20   3.61 0.5886
WVFGRD96   58.0    70    40   -20   3.61 0.5879
WVFGRD96   59.0    70    35   -20   3.61 0.5860

The best solution is

WVFGRD96   49.0    70    35   -25   3.58 0.6008

The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.10 n 3 
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated.
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Nevada Reno, University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureas of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint Louis University, University of Memphis, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, the Iris stations and the Transportable Array of EarthScope.

Velocity Model

The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    

Quality Control

Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets

The following stations did not have a valid response files:

Last Changed Fri Jun 16 06:05:37 CDT 2017