2010/01/21 06:16:19 44.568 -110.973 10.3 3.70 Wyoming
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2010/01/21 06:16:19:0 44.57 -110.97 10.3 3.7 Wyoming Stations used: IW.DLMT IW.FLWY IW.FXWY IW.LOHW IW.MFID IW.MOOW IW.PLID IW.REDW IW.SNOW IW.TPAW TA.H17A US.BW06 US.HLID UU.CTU UU.TCU WY.YMR Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 3.09e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.26 Z = 16 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 350 85 -60 NP2 89 30 -170 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 3.09e+22 33 55 N 0.00e+00 30 167 P -3.09e+22 42 288 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 5.40e+21 Mxy 1.53e+22 Mxz 3.25e+21 Myy -7.57e+20 Myz 2.62e+22 Mzz -4.65e+21 ----########## --------############## ------------################ -------------################# ----------------################## -----------------########### ##### -------------------########## T ###### --------------------########## ####### ------- ----------#################### -------- P -----------#################### -------- -----------#################### ----------------------###################- #----------------------##################- #---------------------#################- ##--------------------###############--- ###-------------------#############--- ####-----------------##########----- ######--------------#######------- #########---------###--------- #################----------- ###############------- ###########--- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -4.65e+21 3.25e+21 -2.62e+22 3.25e+21 5.40e+21 -1.53e+22 -2.62e+22 -1.53e+22 -7.57e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20100121061619/index.html |
STK = 350 DIP = 85 RAKE = -60 MW = 4.26 HS = 16.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2010/01/21 06:16:19:0 44.57 -110.97 10.3 3.7 Wyoming Stations used: IW.DLMT IW.FLWY IW.FXWY IW.LOHW IW.MFID IW.MOOW IW.PLID IW.REDW IW.SNOW IW.TPAW TA.H17A US.BW06 US.HLID UU.CTU UU.TCU WY.YMR Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 3.09e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.26 Z = 16 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 350 85 -60 NP2 89 30 -170 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 3.09e+22 33 55 N 0.00e+00 30 167 P -3.09e+22 42 288 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 5.40e+21 Mxy 1.53e+22 Mxz 3.25e+21 Myy -7.57e+20 Myz 2.62e+22 Mzz -4.65e+21 ----########## --------############## ------------################ -------------################# ----------------################## -----------------########### ##### -------------------########## T ###### --------------------########## ####### ------- ----------#################### -------- P -----------#################### -------- -----------#################### ----------------------###################- #----------------------##################- #---------------------#################- ##--------------------###############--- ###-------------------#############--- ####-----------------##########----- ######--------------#######------- #########---------###--------- #################----------- ###############------- ###########--- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -4.65e+21 3.25e+21 -2.62e+22 3.25e+21 5.40e+21 -1.53e+22 -2.62e+22 -1.53e+22 -7.57e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20100121061619/index.html |
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 195 45 85 3.66 0.1648 WVFGRD96 1.0 190 55 50 3.60 0.1505 WVFGRD96 2.0 190 45 75 3.85 0.2242 WVFGRD96 3.0 335 60 0 3.80 0.2460 WVFGRD96 4.0 335 65 0 3.84 0.2773 WVFGRD96 5.0 175 75 50 3.92 0.3058 WVFGRD96 6.0 175 75 50 3.96 0.3339 WVFGRD96 7.0 175 80 60 4.01 0.3681 WVFGRD96 8.0 175 80 65 4.10 0.3965 WVFGRD96 9.0 175 80 65 4.13 0.4261 WVFGRD96 10.0 170 85 65 4.17 0.4504 WVFGRD96 11.0 170 85 65 4.19 0.4694 WVFGRD96 12.0 170 85 65 4.21 0.4828 WVFGRD96 13.0 170 85 65 4.23 0.4915 WVFGRD96 14.0 170 85 60 4.24 0.4959 WVFGRD96 15.0 350 85 -60 4.25 0.4987 WVFGRD96 16.0 350 85 -60 4.26 0.4993 WVFGRD96 17.0 355 85 -55 4.26 0.4988 WVFGRD96 18.0 355 85 -55 4.27 0.4968 WVFGRD96 19.0 355 85 -55 4.28 0.4930 WVFGRD96 20.0 350 85 -60 4.31 0.4902 WVFGRD96 21.0 175 90 65 4.33 0.4841 WVFGRD96 22.0 175 90 65 4.34 0.4814 WVFGRD96 23.0 175 90 65 4.35 0.4775 WVFGRD96 24.0 175 90 70 4.37 0.4724 WVFGRD96 25.0 175 90 70 4.38 0.4688 WVFGRD96 26.0 175 90 70 4.38 0.4636 WVFGRD96 27.0 -5 90 -75 4.40 0.4579 WVFGRD96 28.0 -5 90 -75 4.41 0.4537 WVFGRD96 29.0 175 90 75 4.42 0.4470
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 16.0 350 85 -60 4.26 0.4993
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted componnet is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
Should the national backbone of the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) be implemented with an interstation separation of 300 km, it is very likely that an earthquake such as this would have been recorded at distances on the order of 100-200 km. This means that the closest station would have information on source depth and mechanism that was lacking here.
Dr. Harley Benz, USGS, provided the USGS USNSN digital data. The digital data used in this study were provided by Natural Resources Canada through their AUTODRM site http://www.seismo.nrcan.gc.ca/nwfa/autodrm/autodrm_req_e.php, and IRIS using their BUD interface.
Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureas of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint L ouis University, Universityof Memphis, Lamont Doehrty Earth Observatory, Boston College, the Iris stations and the Transportable Array of EarthScope.
The WUS used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Thu Jan 21 04:54:01 MST 2010