2001/09/05 10:52:07 37.14N 104.47W 5.0 4.3M A COLORADO
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS Felt reports page for Central and Southeastern US
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the station distribution are given in Figure 1.
|
NODAL PLANES STK= 52.77 DIP= 71.11 RAKE= -73.32 OR STK= 189.99 DIP= 25.00 RAKE= -129.99 DEPTH = 2.0 km Mw = 4.44 Best Fit 0.8772 - P-T axis plot gives solutions with FIT greater than FIT90
Surface wave analysis was performed using codes from Computer Programs in Seismology, specifically the multiple filter analysis program do_mft and the surface-wave radiation pattern search program srfgrd96.
Digital data were collected, intreument response removed and traces converted
to Z, R an T components. Multiple filter analysis was applied to the Z and T traces to obtain the Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectral amplitudes, respectively.
These were input to the search program which examined all depths between 1 and 25 km
and all possible mechanisms.
|
Pressure-tension axis trends. Since the surface-wave spectra search does not distinguish between P and T axes and since there is a 180 ambiguity in strike, all possible P and T axes are plotted. First motion data and waveforms will be used to select the preferred mechanism. The purpose of this plot is to provide an idea of the possible range of solutions. The P and T-axes for all mechanisms with goodness of fit greater than 0.9 FITMAX (above) are plotted here. |
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the Love and Rayleigh wave radiation patterns. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. A nearly vertical strike-slip fault striking at 75 or 165 degrees is preferred. Because of the symmetry of the spectral amplitude rediation patterns, only strikes from 0-180 degrees are sampled. |
The P-wave first motion data for focal mechanism studies are as follow:
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) First motion ANMO 217 302 ee- ISCO 342 312 e- CBKS 64 455 X
The P-wave first motion data for focal mechanism studies are as follow:
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) ANMO 217 302 ISCO 342 312 CBKS 64 455 WMOK 116 578 WUAZ 256 645 BW06 327 762 RSSD 3 776 HWUT 311 787 TUC 229 788 DUG 298 801 AHID 320 843 LTX 175 869 LKWY 331 964 ELK 296 1015 MIAR 103 1025 HLID 313 1104 BOZ 330 1118 HKT 132 1130 TPH 279 1130 BMN 292 1166 CCM 81 1172 DAC 269 1176 MNV 281 1213 JFWS 58 1371 MOD 296 1458 WVT 89 1491 BLO 76 1587 WCI 80 1600 BLA 82 2130 MCWV 75 2163
Since the analysis of the surface-wave radiation patterns uses only spectral amplitudes and because the surfave-wave radiation patterns have a 180 degree symmetry, each surface-wave solution consists of four possible focal mechanisms corresponding to the interchange of the P- and T-axes and a roation of the mechanism by 180 degrees. To select one mechanism, P-wave first motion can be used. This was not possible in this case because all the P-wave first motions were emergent ( a feature of the P-wave wave takeoff angle, the station location and the mechanism). The other way to select among the mechanisms is to compute forward synthetics and compare the observed and predicted waveforms.
The fits to the waveforms with the given mechanism are show below:
This figure shows the fit to the three components of motion (Z - vertical, R-radial and T - transverse). For each station and component, the observed traces is shown in red and the model predicted trace in blue. The traces represent filtered ground velocity in units of meters/sec (the peak value is printed adjacent to each trace; each pair of traces to plotted to the same scale to emphasize the difference in levels). Both synthetic and observed traces have been filtered using the SAC commands:
hp c 0.02 3 lp c 0.06 3
Should the national backbone of the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) be implemented with an interstation separation of 300 km, it is very likely that an earthquake such as this would have been recorded at distances on the order of 100-200 km. This means that the closest station would have information on source depth and mechanism that was lacking here.
Dr. Harley Benz, USGS, provided the USGS USNSN digital data.
The figures below show the observed spectral amplitudes (units of cm-sec) at each station and the
theoretical predictions as a function of period for the mechanism given above. The modified Utah model earth model
was used to define the Green's functions. For each station, the Love and Rayleigh wave spectrail amplitudes are plotted with the same scaling so that one can get a sense fo the effects of the effects of the focal mechanism and depth on the excitation of each.
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files: