2000/12/09 09:51:00 36.46N 130.04E 12 4.06 Korea
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
2000/12/09 09:51:00 36.46N 130.04E 12 4.06 Korea
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.38e+22 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.06
Z = 12 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 206 66 97
NP2 10 25 75
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.38e+22 68 130
N 0.00e+00 6 24
P -1.38e+22 21 291
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -8.24e+20
Mxy 3.17e+21
Mxz -4.68e+21
Myy -9.39e+21
Myz 7.88e+21
Mzz 1.02e+22
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-- ------------#################----
--- P -----------##################-----
--- ----------####################----
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--------------######### ###########-----
-------------########## T ###########-----
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Harvard Convention
Moment Tensor:
R T F
1.02e+22 -4.68e+21 -7.88e+21
-4.68e+21 -8.24e+20 -3.17e+21
-7.88e+21 -3.17e+21 -9.39e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.KR/20001209095059/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the station distribution are given in Figure 1.
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STK = 10
DIP = 25
RAKE = 75
MW = 4.06
HS = 12
The waveform inversion is preferred. This solution agrees with the surfac-ewave solution. This solution is well determined. Note that the ULL waveform is not fit well because of the partial oceanic path.
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 3 lp c 0.10 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 25 40 90 3.89 0.5224
WVFGRD96 1.0 25 45 85 3.94 0.5165
WVFGRD96 2.0 205 65 85 4.01 0.4249
WVFGRD96 3.0 200 75 90 4.01 0.4468
WVFGRD96 4.0 20 15 90 4.00 0.4867
WVFGRD96 5.0 10 15 80 3.99 0.5195
WVFGRD96 6.0 10 15 80 3.99 0.5456
WVFGRD96 7.0 10 20 80 4.01 0.5679
WVFGRD96 8.0 360 20 65 4.01 0.5853
WVFGRD96 9.0 360 20 65 4.01 0.5978
WVFGRD96 10.0 360 20 65 4.02 0.6055
WVFGRD96 11.0 360 25 65 4.04 0.6086
WVFGRD96 12.0 10 25 75 4.06 0.6104
WVFGRD96 13.0 10 25 75 4.07 0.6083
WVFGRD96 14.0 10 25 70 4.07 0.6020
WVFGRD96 15.0 10 25 70 4.08 0.5929
WVFGRD96 16.0 10 25 75 4.09 0.5800
WVFGRD96 17.0 10 25 70 4.11 0.5667
WVFGRD96 18.0 10 30 70 4.12 0.5485
WVFGRD96 19.0 15 30 75 4.13 0.5280
WVFGRD96 20.0 280 25 -45 4.10 0.5067
WVFGRD96 21.0 280 25 -45 4.11 0.4873
WVFGRD96 22.0 280 25 -50 4.12 0.4674
WVFGRD96 23.0 280 25 -50 4.13 0.4472
WVFGRD96 24.0 205 55 90 4.16 0.4395
WVFGRD96 25.0 20 40 80 4.17 0.4371
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 12.0 10 25 75 4.06 0.6104
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted componnet is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 3 lp c 0.10 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
NODAL PLANES
STK= 184.99
DIP= 65.00
RAKE= 75.00
OR
STK= 37.36
DIP= 28.91
RAKE= 119.03
DEPTH = 12.0 km
Mw = 4.04
Best Fit 0.9404 - P-T axis plot gives solutions with FIT greater than FIT90
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The P-wave first motion data for focal mechanism studies are as follow:
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) First motion ULC 316 76 iP_D ULL 36 135 eP_+ TAG 241 142 iP_C KAN 325 175 iP_D PUS 211 176 iP_C TEJ 267 236 eP_X CHU 308 259 eP_+ SEO 293 300 eP_X SOS 277 315 eP_- KWA 244 318 eP_- SOG 223 478 eP_X
Surface wave analysis was performed using codes from Computer Programs in Seismology, specifically the multiple filter analysis program do_mft and the surface-wave radiation pattern search program srfgrd96.
Digital data were collected, instrument response removed and traces converted
to Z, R an T components. Multiple filter analysis was applied to the Z and T traces to obtain the Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectral amplitudes, respectively.
These were input to the search program which examined all depths between 1 and 25 km
and all possible mechanisms.
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| Pressure-tension axis trends. Since the surface-wave spectra search does not distinguish between P and T axes and since there is a 180 ambiguity in strike, all possible P and T axes are plotted. First motion data and waveforms will be used to select the preferred mechanism. The purpose of this plot is to provide an idea of the possible range of solutions. The P and T-axes for all mechanisms with goodness of fit greater than 0.9 FITMAX (above) are plotted here. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the Love and Rayleigh wave radiation patterns. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. Because of the symmetry of the spectral amplitude rediation patterns, only strikes from 0-180 degrees are sampled. |
The distribution of broadband stations with azimuth and distance is
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) TAG 241 142 KAN 325 175 PUS 211 176 TEJ 267 236 CHU 308 259 SEO 293 300 SOS 277 315 KWA 244 318 SOG 223 478
Since the analysis of the surface-wave radiation patterns uses only spectral amplitudes and because the surfave-wave radiation patterns have a 180 degree symmetry, each surface-wave solution consists of four possible focal mechanisms corresponding to the interchange of the P- and T-axes and a roation of the mechanism by 180 degrees. To select one mechanism, P-wave first motion can be used. This was not possible in this case because all the P-wave first motions were emergent ( a feature of the P-wave wave takeoff angle, the station location and the mechanism). The other way to select among the mechanisms is to compute forward synthetics and compare the observed and predicted waveforms.
The fits to the waveforms with the given mechanism are show below:
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This figure shows the fit to the three components of motion (Z - vertical, R-radial and T - transverse). For each station and component, the observed traces is shown in red and the model predicted trace in blue. The traces represent filtered ground velocity in units of meters/sec (the peak value is printed adjacent to each trace; each pair of traces to plotted to the same scale to emphasize the difference in levels). Both synthetic and observed traces have been filtered using the SAC commands:
hp c 0.02 3 lp c 0.10 3
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The figures below show the observed spectral amplitudes (units of cm-sec) at each station and the
theoretical predictions as a function of period for the mechanism given above. The modified Utah model earth model
was used to define the Green's functions. For each station, the Love and Rayleigh wave spectrail amplitudes are plotted with the same scaling so that one can get a sense fo the effects of the effects of the focal mechanism and depth on the excitation of each.
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Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
