2009/07/12 22:14:24 42.338 13.398 11.0 3.60 Italy
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/07/12 22:14:24:0 42.34 13.40 11.0 3.6 Italy
Stations used:
IV.ARVD IV.CAMP IV.CERA IV.CERT IV.CESX IV.CING IV.FIAM
IV.GUAR IV.GUMA IV.INTR IV.MGAB IV.MNS IV.MTCE IV.RDP
IV.RMP IV.SACS IV.TERO IV.VVLD
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 4.47e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.70
Z = 9 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 131 57 -103
NP2 335 35 -70
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 4.47e+21 11 231
N 0.00e+00 11 138
P -4.47e+21 74 5
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 1.38e+21
Mxy 2.07e+21
Mxz -1.74e+21
Myy 2.57e+21
Myz -7.72e+20
Mzz -3.94e+21
##############
-----------###########
------------------##########
---------------------#########
#------------------------#########
###-------------------------########
####--------------------------########
#####-------------- ----------########
######------------- P -----------#######
########------------ -----------########
#########--------------------------#######
###########------------------------#######
############------------------------######
#############----------------------#####
###############-------------------######
################-----------------#####
## #############--------------####
# T #################---------####
########################-##-
#########################---
#####################-
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.94e+21 -1.74e+21 7.72e+20
-1.74e+21 1.38e+21 -2.07e+21
7.72e+20 -2.07e+21 2.57e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090712221424/index.html
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STK = 335
DIP = 35
RAKE = -70
MW = 3.70
HS = 9.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/07/12 22:14:24:0 42.34 13.40 11.0 3.6 Italy
Stations used:
IV.ARVD IV.CAMP IV.CERA IV.CERT IV.CESX IV.CING IV.FIAM
IV.GUAR IV.GUMA IV.INTR IV.MGAB IV.MNS IV.MTCE IV.RDP
IV.RMP IV.SACS IV.TERO IV.VVLD
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 4.47e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.70
Z = 9 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 131 57 -103
NP2 335 35 -70
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 4.47e+21 11 231
N 0.00e+00 11 138
P -4.47e+21 74 5
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 1.38e+21
Mxy 2.07e+21
Mxz -1.74e+21
Myy 2.57e+21
Myz -7.72e+20
Mzz -3.94e+21
##############
-----------###########
------------------##########
---------------------#########
#------------------------#########
###-------------------------########
####--------------------------########
#####-------------- ----------########
######------------- P -----------#######
########------------ -----------########
#########--------------------------#######
###########------------------------#######
############------------------------######
#############----------------------#####
###############-------------------######
################-----------------#####
## #############--------------####
# T #################---------####
########################-##-
#########################---
#####################-
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.94e+21 -1.74e+21 7.72e+20
-1.74e+21 1.38e+21 -2.07e+21
7.72e+20 -2.07e+21 2.57e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090712221424/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 140 55 90 3.44 0.3524
WVFGRD96 1.0 280 30 65 3.49 0.3182
WVFGRD96 2.0 270 25 50 3.57 0.3258
WVFGRD96 3.0 5 15 -35 3.57 0.3644
WVFGRD96 4.0 345 20 -60 3.57 0.4312
WVFGRD96 5.0 335 20 -70 3.69 0.4965
WVFGRD96 6.0 330 25 -75 3.71 0.5618
WVFGRD96 7.0 330 30 -75 3.72 0.6055
WVFGRD96 8.0 335 35 -70 3.70 0.6147
WVFGRD96 9.0 335 35 -70 3.70 0.6161
WVFGRD96 10.0 335 35 -70 3.71 0.6084
WVFGRD96 11.0 335 35 -70 3.71 0.5927
WVFGRD96 12.0 335 35 -70 3.72 0.5708
WVFGRD96 13.0 345 40 -55 3.72 0.5453
WVFGRD96 14.0 5 30 -40 3.72 0.5197
WVFGRD96 15.0 0 25 -45 3.76 0.5129
WVFGRD96 16.0 10 25 -35 3.76 0.4973
WVFGRD96 17.0 10 25 -30 3.77 0.4828
WVFGRD96 18.0 15 30 -25 3.78 0.4675
WVFGRD96 19.0 15 30 -25 3.79 0.4522
WVFGRD96 20.0 15 30 -20 3.79 0.4369
WVFGRD96 21.0 20 30 -15 3.80 0.4216
WVFGRD96 22.0 20 30 -15 3.81 0.4076
WVFGRD96 23.0 80 20 40 3.81 0.4039
WVFGRD96 24.0 85 20 45 3.82 0.4060
WVFGRD96 25.0 85 20 45 3.82 0.4067
WVFGRD96 26.0 80 25 40 3.84 0.4086
WVFGRD96 27.0 80 25 40 3.84 0.4085
WVFGRD96 28.0 80 25 40 3.85 0.4079
WVFGRD96 29.0 85 25 45 3.85 0.4065
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 9.0 335 35 -70 3.70 0.6161
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Sun Jul 12 22:14:17 CDT 2009