2009/04/05 20:48:54 42.332 13.372 8.4 3.90 Italy
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/04/05 20:48:54:0 42.33 13.37 8.4 3.9 Italy
Stations used:
IV.AOI IV.ARVD IV.ASQU IV.ASSB IV.BDI IV.CAFI IV.CERT
IV.CESI IV.CING IV.CSNT IV.FAGN IV.FIAM IV.MGAB IV.MNS
IV.MTCE IV.MTRZ IV.MURB IV.OFFI IV.PARC IV.PESA IV.PIEI
IV.SACS IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRTR IV.ZCCA
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 9.55e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.92
Z = 10 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 126 66 -129
NP2 10 45 -35
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 9.55e+21 12 244
N 0.00e+00 35 145
P -9.55e+21 52 350
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.73e+21
Mxy 4.26e+21
Mxz -5.45e+21
Myy 7.20e+21
Myz -9.61e+20
Mzz -5.48e+21
------------##
------------------####
----------------------######
------------------------######
---------------------------#######
##------------- ----------########
####------------ P -----------########
######----------- -----------#########
#######------------------------#########
#########-----------------------##########
###########---------------------##########
#############-------------------##########
###############-----------------##########
################--------------##########
## ##############-----------##########
# T #################-------##########
#####################--##########
########################-----#####
#####################---------
##################----------
#############---------
######--------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-5.48e+21 -5.45e+21 9.61e+20
-5.45e+21 -1.73e+21 -4.26e+21
9.61e+20 -4.26e+21 7.20e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090405204854/index.html
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STK = 10
DIP = 45
RAKE = -35
MW = 3.92
HS = 10.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/04/05 20:48:54:0 42.33 13.37 8.4 3.9 Italy
Stations used:
IV.AOI IV.ARVD IV.ASQU IV.ASSB IV.BDI IV.CAFI IV.CERT
IV.CESI IV.CING IV.CSNT IV.FAGN IV.FIAM IV.MGAB IV.MNS
IV.MTCE IV.MTRZ IV.MURB IV.OFFI IV.PARC IV.PESA IV.PIEI
IV.SACS IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRTR IV.ZCCA
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 9.55e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.92
Z = 10 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 126 66 -129
NP2 10 45 -35
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 9.55e+21 12 244
N 0.00e+00 35 145
P -9.55e+21 52 350
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.73e+21
Mxy 4.26e+21
Mxz -5.45e+21
Myy 7.20e+21
Myz -9.61e+20
Mzz -5.48e+21
------------##
------------------####
----------------------######
------------------------######
---------------------------#######
##------------- ----------########
####------------ P -----------########
######----------- -----------#########
#######------------------------#########
#########-----------------------##########
###########---------------------##########
#############-------------------##########
###############-----------------##########
################--------------##########
## ##############-----------##########
# T #################-------##########
#####################--##########
########################-----#####
#####################---------
##################----------
#############---------
######--------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-5.48e+21 -5.45e+21 9.61e+20
-5.45e+21 -1.73e+21 -4.26e+21
9.61e+20 -4.26e+21 7.20e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090405204854/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 340 45 -80 3.64 0.2842
WVFGRD96 1.0 350 50 -65 3.68 0.2807
WVFGRD96 2.0 355 50 -60 3.75 0.3060
WVFGRD96 3.0 220 35 20 3.77 0.3463
WVFGRD96 4.0 215 45 20 3.77 0.3844
WVFGRD96 5.0 10 35 -30 3.88 0.4289
WVFGRD96 6.0 0 35 -50 3.92 0.4739
WVFGRD96 7.0 0 40 -50 3.93 0.5101
WVFGRD96 8.0 5 45 -40 3.90 0.5192
WVFGRD96 9.0 10 45 -35 3.91 0.5271
WVFGRD96 10.0 10 45 -35 3.92 0.5277
WVFGRD96 11.0 15 50 -25 3.93 0.5236
WVFGRD96 12.0 10 50 -30 3.94 0.5149
WVFGRD96 13.0 15 55 -25 3.95 0.5035
WVFGRD96 14.0 15 55 -20 3.96 0.4900
WVFGRD96 15.0 15 55 -20 3.99 0.4821
WVFGRD96 16.0 15 55 -20 4.00 0.4708
WVFGRD96 17.0 20 45 -15 4.00 0.4610
WVFGRD96 18.0 20 45 -10 4.01 0.4499
WVFGRD96 19.0 20 50 -10 4.02 0.4391
WVFGRD96 20.0 15 55 -15 4.03 0.4297
WVFGRD96 21.0 15 60 -20 4.04 0.4220
WVFGRD96 22.0 10 60 -25 4.05 0.4168
WVFGRD96 23.0 10 60 -25 4.06 0.4141
WVFGRD96 24.0 10 60 -25 4.07 0.4117
WVFGRD96 25.0 10 65 -25 4.08 0.4085
WVFGRD96 26.0 10 65 -20 4.09 0.4034
WVFGRD96 27.0 10 65 -20 4.10 0.3956
WVFGRD96 28.0 10 65 -20 4.12 0.3867
WVFGRD96 29.0 10 65 -20 4.13 0.3774
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 10.0 10 45 -35 3.92 0.5277
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Wed Apr 22 14:38:46 CDT 2009