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Week 1: Jan 17-21

(types of intrusions - continued)
  • Types of intrusions ...
    • laccoliths
    • lopoliths and layered intrusions
      • Skaergaard intrusion
      • Sudbury intrusion
      • Muscox intrusion
      • Stillwater complex
      • Duluth complex
      • Dufek intrusion
      • Bushveld complex
    • batholiths and stocks
      • catazonal
      • mesozonal
      • epizonal
    • volcanic necks
    • diatremes and breccia pipes
  • Mechanisms of emplacement
    • forceful injection
    • passive injection
    • magmatic stoping
    • the "room problem" for granitic batholiths
  • Types of extrusions
    • lava vs. tephra
    • forms of lavas
      • pahoehoe
      • aa
      • block lava
      • lava domes
      • volcanic spines
      • pillow lava
    • types of tephra and pyroclastic rocks
      • tephra size classification
        • ash 
        • lapilli
        • blocks and bombs
      • pyroclastic rocks
        • tuff
        • agglomerate and volcanic breccia
      • additional terms
        • cinder
        • scoria
        • pumice
      • based on mode of emplacement
        • ash fall tuffs
        • pyroclastic flow deposits, ignimbrites
        • lahar deposits
    • types of volcanos
      • shield volcanos
      • composite or stratovolcanos
      • cinder cones
      • calderas
    • flood basalts
  • What causes the variety in eruptive styles and products? (An even closer look at magma behaviour)
    • SiO2 contents of magmas and effects on viscosity
      • acid, intermediate, basic and ultrabasic magmas
    • magma temperatures and viscosity
    • H2O content and viscosity
    • gas bubble nucleation, growth and disruption and the formation of pyroclastic material
    • how combinations of the above factors affect eruptive style and products

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