2000/01/30 14:46:53.33 41.5213 -109.8112 7.98 4.37 ML 22 197 128 0.25 UUArrival time list
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS Felt reports page for Intermountain Western US
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the station distribution are given in Figure 1.
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NODAL PLANES
STK= 29.99
DIP= 75.00
RAKE= 79.99
OR
STK= 244.27
DIP= 17.97
RAKE= 122.95
DEPTH = 7.0 km
Mw = 4.10
Best Fit 0.7525 - P-T axis plot gives solutions with FIT greater than FIT90
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Surface wave analysis was performed using codes from Computer Programs in Seismology, specifically the multiple filter analysis program do_mft and the surface-wave radiation pattern search program srfgrd96.
The velocity model used for the search is a modified Utah model .
Digital data were collected, intreument response removed and traces converted
to Z, R an T components. Multiple filter analysis was applied to the Z and T traces to obtain the Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectral amplitudes, respectively.
These were input to the search program which examined all depths between 1 and 25 km
and all possible mechanisms. The figure
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| Pressure-tension axis trends. Since the surface-wave spectra search does not distinguish between P and T axes and since there is a 180 ambiguity in strike, all possible P and T axes are plotted. First motion data and waveforms will be used to select the rpeferred mechanism. The purpose of this plot is to provide an idea of the possible range of solutions. The P and T-axes for all mechanisms with goodness of fit greater than 0.9 FITMAX (above) are plotted here. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the Love and Rayleigh wave radiation patterns. The Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip witht he angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. A nearly vertical strike-slip fault striking at 75 or 165 degrees is preferred. Because of the symmetry of the spectral amplitude rediation patterns, only strikes from 0-180 degrees are sampled. |
The P-wave first motion data for focal mechanism studies are as follow:
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) First motion LKWY 359 109 e- BW06 143 113 e+ YMR 339 129 i- HWUT 204 239 e+ BOZ 337 250 ii- HVU 225 280 X CTU 200 340 X
The P-wave first motion data for focal mechanism studies are as follow:
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) HWUT 274 147 AHID 323 175 DUG 241 293 LKWY 352 342 ISCO 117 403 HLID 302 441 ELK 261 464 RSSD 57 553 BMN 262 635 WUAZ 192 680 WVOR 281 738 TPH 241 741 TPNV 229 752 ANMO 157 786 MNV 247 790 NEW 325 945 TUC 185 1026 WMOK 124 1224 LTX 156 1462 EYMN 58 1612 MIAR 113 1618 JFWS 78 1619
Since the analysis of the surface-wave radiation patterns uses only spectral amplitudes and because the surfave-wave radiation patterns have a 180 degree symmetry, each surface-wave solution consists of four possible focal mechanisms corresponding to the interchange of the P- and T-axes and a roation of the mechanism by 180 degrees. To select one mechanism, P-wave first motion can be used. This was not possible in this case because all the P-wave first motions were emergent ( a feature of the P-wave wave takeoff angle, the station location and the mechanism). The other way to select among the mechanisms is to compute forward synthetics and compare the osberved and predicted waveforms.
The velocity model used for the waveform fit is a modified Utah model .
The fits to the waveforms with the given mechanism are show below:
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This figure shows the fit to the three components of motion (Z - vertical, R-radial and T - transverse). For each station and component, the observed traces is shown in red and the model predicted trace in blue. The traces represent filtered ground velocity in units of meters/sec (the peak value is printed adjacent to each trace; each pair of traces to plotted to the same scale to emphasize the difference in levels). Both synthetic and observed traces have been filtered using the SAC commands:
hp c 0.02 3 lp c 0.06 3
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Should the national backbone of the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) be implemented with an interstation separation of 300 km, it is very likely that an earthquake such as this would have been recorded at distances on the order of 100-200 km. This means that the closest station would have information on source depth and mechanism that was lacking here.
Dr. Harley Benz, USGS, provided the USGS USNSN digital data.
The figures below show the observed spectral amplitudes (units of cm-sec) at each station and the
theoretical predictions as a function of period for the mechanism given above. The modified Utah model earth model
was used to define the Green's functions. For each station, the Love and Rayleigh wave spectrail amplitudes are plotted with the same scaling so that one can get a sense fo the effects of the effects of the focal mechanism and depth on the excitation of each.
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Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response file:
